Depois de contemplar uma boa bolada em seu orçamento 2012, o governo norueguês anunciou oficialmente, ontem (10/10) em Oslo, o lançamento da Iniciativa de Clima&Energia (Energy+). A iniciativa apoia a política do Secretariado Geral da ONU "Energia Sustentável para Todos", que pretende dobrar a participação das fontes renováveis na matriz energética mundial até 2030, e pretende decolar a partir da Rio+20, junho do ano que vem. "Precisamos criar o clima político em torno da agenda de energia para todos, e a Conferência Rio+20 é uma oportunidade história para isso", disse em Oslo ontem o secretário Ban Ki-Moon.
A iniciativa é declaradamente inspirada na política de REDD (Clima&Florestas), inclusive quanto ao critério de desembolso baseado em desempenho, utilizado também para a parceria com o Brasil através do Fundo Amazônia. Ou seja, para que a grana continue vindo, é preciso mostrar serviço; no caso do REDD, é preciso manter o desmatamento baixo; no caso da energia, o objetivo é diminuir as emissões e ao mesmo tempo aumentar o acesso a populações mais pobres. "Novos investimentos em energia precisam ser baseados em desempenho. Já temos experiência do nosso apoio à redução de emissões de desmatamento de que isso cria os incentivos certos.", disse o primeiro-ministro Stoltenberg, talvez com uma certeza maior do que a recomendada até agora, a se julgar pelo que acontece agora no Brasil com o desmatamento e o Código Florestal.
Ovo de colombo? Cooperação com/para o setor privado
Através do Energy+ serão apoiadas iniciativas de governos de países em desenvolvimento para reforma de seus setores elétricos, priorizando e dando escala ao acesso a energias renováveis. A principal diferença em relação à política de REDD, é que agora o papel do setor privado é fundamental.
Comentamos aqui no Cabeça que a política de cooperação norueguesa vem se orientando cada vez mais para os interesses do setor privado. Pois é este o caso do Energy+: agora trata-se de derrubar as barreiras que impedem o fluxo de investimentos privados para esses países: condições desfavoráveis de investimento, alto risco, pouco acesso a capital, marco regulatório frouxo.
O jornal Dagsavisen dá a seguinte manchete de hoje (11/10): "Em busca do ovo de colombo - Ban Ki-Moon e outros líderes mundiais estão em Oslo para encontrar ideias geniais: como gerar energia renovável para os pobres, e na qual o empresariado queira investir?" A solução proposta é conceder apoios setoriais, baseados em desempenho, para incentivar autoridades públicas a estabelecer as bases para investimentos comerciais através de ferramentas como linhas de crédito, subsídios, contratos de fornecimento de longo prazo entre outras. A Noruega, por sua vez, tem credibilidade pela política de REDD até agora implementada, além de uma indústria de tecnologia limpa pronta para investir, desde que com a ajuda prometida.
Culpa é do fogão de lenha
Durante os discursos de lançamento da iniciativa, sobrou para o fogão de lenha. Segundo Stoltenberg, 1,5 milhão de mortes prematuras ocorrem a cada ano no mundo por causa da fumaça do fogão de lenha, que aliás também contribui para o desmatamento, causa importante de mudança climática. "Mulheres e crianças passam horas catando lenha. Esse tempo poderia ser melhor utilizado em educação, outras tarefas domésticas ou um emprego pago", declarou o primeiro-ministro. Claro, é ótimo que se invista para que mais pessoas tenham acesso a energia, mas é preciso atentar que nem todos os povos e culturas que usam fogão de lenha como forma de cozinhar almejam um "emprego de carteira assinada", ou um modelo de desenvolvimento desses.
Kenya e Etiópia, cujos presidentes estão em Oslo para a solenidade, devem ser os primeiros países a ter projetos-piloto do Energy+. O Brasil não faz parte dos países que subscreveram a iniciativa, talvez por ser visto por um país de matriz energética "limpa" - grandes hidrelétricas -, com um sistema elétrico interligado e que já conta com políticas de incentivo a fontes alternativas, como a eólica.
Outros países que apóiam a iniciativa são o Reino Unido, Suíça e França, além de organizações multilaterais como o Banco Mundial, PNUD, PNUMA e bancos de desenvolvimentos regionais asiático e africano.
Abaixo segue a íntegra do discurso de lançamento da iniciativa pelo primeiro ministro Jens Stoltenberg:
"Your Royal Highness,
Secretary General,
Prime Minister Meles,
Prime Minister Odinga,
Excellencies,
Honoured guests,
Welcome to Oslo and to our conference on energy for all.
Together with the International Energy Agency we have invited partners from all over the world to take part in a new initiative.
An initiative to provide energy for all
and about how to finance it.
Energy is about light and cooking.
About reading, learning and communicating.
About jobs, growth and prosperity.
And it is about gender equality.
In sum, it is about decent living conditions.
Without affordable energy,
there is less hope,
fewer economic prospects,
and no sustainable development.
For many of us,
when we switch on a light,
charge our mobile phone,
or prepare our dinner on a modern and safe cooking stove,
it is easy to forget that for all too many this is still not possible.
1.3 billion people – roughly 20 % of the global population – don’t have access to electricity.
Twice as many - 2.7 billion – are without safe, accessible and clean cooking fuel.
Traditional cooking stoves are responsible for 1.5 million premature deaths each year due to indoor air pollution.
They also contribute to deforestation and black carbon, both of which are major causes of climate change.
For too many people, energy access equals access to wood.
Women and children spend hours collecting wood.
Time that could have been better spent
on education, on other household tasks, on a paid job.
Over the next two days, we will hear more about what access to energy would mean for households, for communities, for business opportunities and for general economic growth.
***
I am very pleased that the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Mr Ban Ki-moon, is with us here today.
We share a deep sense of urgency.
The Secretary-General’s “Sustainable Energy for All” initiative is an important response.
To achieve the Millennium Development Goals, we need access to modern energy services.
The UN family must take part in that effort.
We need results.
Norway will do its share.
***
Providing universal access to modern energy by 2030 means investments.
Almost 50 billion dollars per year.
More than five times the level of today.
These investments must come from different sources:
from governments of developing countries,
from multilateral and bilateral development actors,
and from the private sector.
They must provide affordable, safe and reliable energy to the poor.
We must mobilise private capital and encourage entrepreneurship.
Norway has an advanced energy industry with world leading companies.
I know they are ready to participate.
Achieving energy for all can seem like a daunting task.
But each year the world spends more than 5 trillion dollars on energy.
We need a mere 1% of this.
It is doable.
If all key players pull together.
Last year I had the pleasure of co-chairing, together with prime minister Meles, the UN Secretary General`s Advisory Group on Finance .
Our task was to make recommendations on how to mobilize 100 billion US dollars per year for climate finance in developing countries by 2020, from a variety of sources.
Since we delivered our report many developed countries have faced, and are facing, even more serious fiscal constraints.
A key conclusion in the report is even more important today;
Without a carbon price, the goal can’t be met. By putting a price on carbon we can achieve three objectives at the same time:
We will reduce carbon emissions.
We will raise revenue for climate action.
And we will promote the development of sustainable and clean energy sources.
***
To ensure investments we need a reliable policy framework.
Rules and regulations must be attractive.
The public sector must provide a supportive investment climate in which private actors are willing to operate.
And public funds must be invested to benefit the public.
There is no single way to achieve energy for all.
Policies and technologies will vary from place to place.
Ranging from solar panels in rural India
to hydropower in Liberia, Ethiopia and Nepal,
clean cook stoves in Tanzania
and kerosene free lighting in Kenya.
I am looking forward to hearing from Prime Minister Meles and Prime Minister Odinga about their experiences,
And how we together can change the lives of millions of people in their own countries.
***
The world’s need for energy will only increase.
Meeting this need will be demanding.
We need huge investments
in traditional energy
and in the development of new technologies.
We must promote and fund research and innovation
to help us mitigate climate change.
Carbon capture and storage is one of several environmental technologies that can help us achieve this.
This will continue to be an important area for the Norwegian Government.
Renewable energy is also key.
Hydropower, wind power, solar energy and biomass.
And above all we must realise the huge potential for energy efficiency.
***
Today, we launch Energy+
an international energy and climate initiative
for access to energy services, renewable energy and low carbon development.
Through Energy + we aim to demonstrate how we can mobilize private capital. This was a key recommendation to the Secretary General from the High Level Advisory Group.
Through smart use of public funds and attractive policy frameworks we can attract private investments.
With Energy + we intend to do the same as we have done with REDD+ the deforestation initiative
that is successfully limiting and preventing deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries.
Halting deforestation
and ensuring cleaner and more effective use of energy
can reduce emissions in developing countries, not counting China, by as much as 65% .
Energy+ is our main contribution to universal access to energy,
to doubling energy efficiency
and to introducing a much higher share of renewable energy in the global energy mix by 2030.
It is possible.
It is necessary.
And it is urgent.
Together with our partners, we will promote renewable energy and energy efficiency.
As the Secretary-General stated so clearly in New York last month: there is no time to wait, there is no need to wait!
Thank you.
Secretary General,
Prime Minister Meles,
Prime Minister Odinga,
Excellencies,
Honoured guests,
Welcome to Oslo and to our conference on energy for all.
Together with the International Energy Agency we have invited partners from all over the world to take part in a new initiative.
An initiative to provide energy for all
and about how to finance it.
Energy is about light and cooking.
About reading, learning and communicating.
About jobs, growth and prosperity.
And it is about gender equality.
In sum, it is about decent living conditions.
Without affordable energy,
there is less hope,
fewer economic prospects,
and no sustainable development.
For many of us,
when we switch on a light,
charge our mobile phone,
or prepare our dinner on a modern and safe cooking stove,
it is easy to forget that for all too many this is still not possible.
1.3 billion people – roughly 20 % of the global population – don’t have access to electricity.
Twice as many - 2.7 billion – are without safe, accessible and clean cooking fuel.
Traditional cooking stoves are responsible for 1.5 million premature deaths each year due to indoor air pollution.
They also contribute to deforestation and black carbon, both of which are major causes of climate change.
For too many people, energy access equals access to wood.
Women and children spend hours collecting wood.
Time that could have been better spent
on education, on other household tasks, on a paid job.
Over the next two days, we will hear more about what access to energy would mean for households, for communities, for business opportunities and for general economic growth.
***
I am very pleased that the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Mr Ban Ki-moon, is with us here today.
We share a deep sense of urgency.
The Secretary-General’s “Sustainable Energy for All” initiative is an important response.
To achieve the Millennium Development Goals, we need access to modern energy services.
The UN family must take part in that effort.
We need results.
Norway will do its share.
***
Providing universal access to modern energy by 2030 means investments.
Almost 50 billion dollars per year.
More than five times the level of today.
These investments must come from different sources:
from governments of developing countries,
from multilateral and bilateral development actors,
and from the private sector.
They must provide affordable, safe and reliable energy to the poor.
We must mobilise private capital and encourage entrepreneurship.
Norway has an advanced energy industry with world leading companies.
I know they are ready to participate.
Achieving energy for all can seem like a daunting task.
But each year the world spends more than 5 trillion dollars on energy.
We need a mere 1% of this.
It is doable.
If all key players pull together.
Last year I had the pleasure of co-chairing, together with prime minister Meles, the UN Secretary General`s Advisory Group on Finance .
Our task was to make recommendations on how to mobilize 100 billion US dollars per year for climate finance in developing countries by 2020, from a variety of sources.
Since we delivered our report many developed countries have faced, and are facing, even more serious fiscal constraints.
A key conclusion in the report is even more important today;
Without a carbon price, the goal can’t be met. By putting a price on carbon we can achieve three objectives at the same time:
We will reduce carbon emissions.
We will raise revenue for climate action.
And we will promote the development of sustainable and clean energy sources.
***
To ensure investments we need a reliable policy framework.
Rules and regulations must be attractive.
The public sector must provide a supportive investment climate in which private actors are willing to operate.
And public funds must be invested to benefit the public.
There is no single way to achieve energy for all.
Policies and technologies will vary from place to place.
Ranging from solar panels in rural India
to hydropower in Liberia, Ethiopia and Nepal,
clean cook stoves in Tanzania
and kerosene free lighting in Kenya.
I am looking forward to hearing from Prime Minister Meles and Prime Minister Odinga about their experiences,
And how we together can change the lives of millions of people in their own countries.
***
The world’s need for energy will only increase.
Meeting this need will be demanding.
We need huge investments
in traditional energy
and in the development of new technologies.
We must promote and fund research and innovation
to help us mitigate climate change.
Carbon capture and storage is one of several environmental technologies that can help us achieve this.
This will continue to be an important area for the Norwegian Government.
Renewable energy is also key.
Hydropower, wind power, solar energy and biomass.
And above all we must realise the huge potential for energy efficiency.
***
Today, we launch Energy+
an international energy and climate initiative
for access to energy services, renewable energy and low carbon development.
Through Energy + we aim to demonstrate how we can mobilize private capital. This was a key recommendation to the Secretary General from the High Level Advisory Group.
Through smart use of public funds and attractive policy frameworks we can attract private investments.
With Energy + we intend to do the same as we have done with REDD+ the deforestation initiative
that is successfully limiting and preventing deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries.
Halting deforestation
and ensuring cleaner and more effective use of energy
can reduce emissions in developing countries, not counting China, by as much as 65% .
Energy+ is our main contribution to universal access to energy,
to doubling energy efficiency
and to introducing a much higher share of renewable energy in the global energy mix by 2030.
It is possible.
It is necessary.
And it is urgent.
Together with our partners, we will promote renewable energy and energy efficiency.
As the Secretary-General stated so clearly in New York last month: there is no time to wait, there is no need to wait!
Thank you.
Fontes:
http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/smk/press-center/Press-releases/2011/norway-launches-international-energy-and.html?id=660292
http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/smk/aktuelt/taler_og_artikler/statsministeren/statsminister_jens_stoltenberg/2011/welcome-address-at-energy-for-all-confer.html?id=660288
http://www.sustainableenergyforall.org/about
"Jakter på columbi egg", Dagsavisen, 11/10/11, p.12
http://www.bistandsaktuelt.no/nyheter-og-reportasjer/arkiv-nyheter-og-reportasjer/trenger-revolusjonerende-endring-for-%C3%A5-sikre-fattige-str%C3%B8m
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